Compare State Taxes Between Two States
Pick two states to compare what each takes in income, property and sales tax on the same household, then see how far your marginal and effective rates drift apart in any state. Both calculators run each state's own brackets and, where this site has read them, its own deductions; the table below lists every state's rules with its tax year and source.
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State tax research
Continue from an estimated tax burden into direct state comparisons, state sales-tax rankings, or source-backed vehicle purchase-tax data.
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Yearly Difference (positive = the compared state costs less)
Estimated • Based on your inputs
Compared State: Total of These Taxes
$7,475.00
Detailed Breakdown
Disclaimer: This calculator provides estimates for informational purposes only. Results should not be considered financial, tax, or legal advice. Consult a qualified professional for your specific situation.
Marginal vs effective tax rate calculator
Pick a state: the calculator shows the rate on your next dollar (federal plus state) next to the share of your whole income that goes to income tax.
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Marginal Tax Rate (Federal + State)
Estimated • Based on your inputs
Effective Tax Rate (Federal + State)
15.92%
Detailed Breakdown
Disclaimer: This calculator provides estimates for informational purposes only. Results should not be considered financial, tax, or legal advice. Consult a qualified professional for your specific situation.
Federal tax uses the 2026 brackets and standard deduction. State tax uses the chosen state's brackets on its own base for a single filer: its standard deduction, exemptions and personal credit where modeled (the table lists them with their source), or federal taxable income where its return starts there. For married filers, and for a state whose base is not modeled, the state rates apply to gross income less the state deduction you enter. The state rate on the next dollar includes any credit that phases out as income rises.
How this calculator works
For each state the calculator adds three taxes. Income tax: the state's own brackets applied to its own base for a single filer, the same function as the marginal vs effective calculator below (the state's standard deduction, exemptions and personal credit where this site has read them from the state's revenue department, or federal taxable income where the state's return starts there). For Massachusetts, the state's own deductions are not modeled yet, so the comparison taxes gross income there and the table shows no estimate. Property tax: the home value times the state's effective rate on owner-occupied homes. Sales tax: taxable spending times the state rate, without local add-ons. Federal tax is the same in every state and is left out. Local income taxes, itemized deductions and credits beyond those listed are not included.
Source: Tax Foundation, state individual income tax rates and brackets checked
State income tax rules and the tax on $85,000, all 50 states
A single filer earning $85,000 in wages who takes the federal standard deduction, run through the same function as the calculators above. "Subtracted" is the state's own standard deduction and exemptions at that income (a personal credit comes off the tax); the rate on the next dollar is the state's share of the marginal rate.
| State | Income tax | Before the rates (single, $85,000) | State income tax on $85,000 | Effective state rate | State rate on the next dollar | Property tax (effective) | State sales tax |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 2% to 5% (3 brackets) | $13,870 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $3,517 | 4.14% | 3.9% | 0.37% | 4% (local up to 11% more) |
| Alaska | No wage income tax | Not applicable | $0 | 0% | 0% | 0.94% | 0% (local up to 7.85% more) |
| Arizona | Flat 2.5% | $15,750 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $1,731 | 2.04% | 2.5% | 0.48% | 5.6% (local up to 5.5% more) |
| Arkansas | 2% to 3.7% (6 brackets) | $2,470 subtracted, $29 credit (tax year 2025) | $2,657 | 3.13% | 3.7% | 0.56% | 6.5% (local up to 6.125% more) |
| California | 1% to 13.3% (10 brackets) | $5,706 subtracted, $153 credit (tax year 2025) | $3,660 | 4.31% | 9.3% | 0.7% | 7.25% (local up to 4.5% more) |
| Colorado | Flat 4.4% | Starts from federal taxable income | $3,032 | 3.57% | 4.4% | 0.5% | 2.9% (local up to 9.1% more) |
| Connecticut | 2% to 6.99% (7 brackets) | $0 subtracted, $150 added to tax (tax year 2026) | $4,075 | 4.79% | 5.5% | 1.54% | 6.35% |
| Delaware | 2.2% to 6.6% (7 brackets) | $3,250 subtracted, $110 credit (tax year 2025) | $4,269 | 5.02% | 6.6% | 0.54% | 0% |
| Florida | No wage income tax | Not applicable | $0 | 0% | 0% | 0.78% | 6% (local up to 2% more) |
| Georgia | Flat 4.99% | $12,000 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $3,643 | 4.29% | 4.99% | 0.79% | 4% (local up to 5% more) |
| Hawaii | 1.4% to 11% (12 brackets) | $5,544 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $4,930 | 5.8% | 7.6% | 0.29% | 4% (local up to 0.5% more) |
| Idaho | 5.3% to 5.3% (2 brackets) | $15,750 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $3,415 | 4.02% | 5.3% | 0.5% | 6% (local up to 3% more) |
| Illinois | Flat 4.95% | $2,925 subtracted (tax year 2026) | $4,063 | 4.78% | 4.95% | 1.88% | 6.25% (local up to 4.75% more) |
| Indiana | Flat 2.95% | $1,000 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $2,478 | 2.92% | 2.95% | 0.76% | 7% |
| Iowa | Flat 3.8% | $15,750 subtracted, $40 credit (tax year 2025) | $2,592 | 3.05% | 3.8% | 1.33% | 6% (local up to 1% more) |
| Kansas | 5.2% to 5.58% (2 brackets) | $12,765 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $3,943 | 4.64% | 5.58% | 1.21% | 6.5% (local up to 4.25% more) |
| Kentucky | Flat 3.5% | $3,270 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $2,861 | 3.37% | 3.5% | 0.74% | 6% |
| Louisiana | Flat 3% | $12,500 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $2,175 | 2.56% | 3% | 0.55% | 5% (local up to 7% more) |
| Maine | 5.8% to 9.15% (4 brackets) | $20,150 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $4,117 | 4.84% | 7.15% | 0.98% | 5.5% |
| Maryland | 2% to 6.5% (10 brackets) | $6,550 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $3,674 | 4.32% | 4.75% | 0.92% | 6% |
| Massachusetts | 5% to 9% (2 brackets) | Not modeled yet: nothing is subtracted | Not estimated | Not estimated | Not estimated | 1% | 6.25% |
| Michigan | Flat 4.25% | $5,800 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $3,366 | 3.96% | 4.25% | 1.19% | 6% |
| Minnesota | 5.35% to 9.85% (4 brackets) | $14,950 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $4,280 | 5.04% | 6.8% | 1% | 6.875% (local up to 3% more) |
| Mississippi | 4% to 4% (2 brackets) | $8,300 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $2,668 | 3.14% | 4% | 0.58% | 7% (local up to 1% more) |
| Missouri | 2% to 4.7% (8 brackets) | $15,750 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $3,079 | 3.62% | 4.7% | 0.89% | 4.225% (local up to 5.763% more) |
| Montana | 4.7% to 5.65% (2 brackets) | $15,750 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $3,712 | 4.37% | 5.65% | 0.61% | 0% |
| Nebraska | 2.46% to 4.55% (3 brackets) | $8,600 subtracted, $171 credit (tax year 2025) | $3,087 | 3.63% | 4.55% | 1.44% | 5.5% (local up to 2% more) |
| Nevada | No wage income tax | Not applicable | $0 | 0% | 0% | 0.5% | 6.85% (local up to 1.525% more) |
| New Hampshire | No wage income tax | Not applicable | $0 | 0% | 0% | 1.5% | 0% |
| New Jersey | 1.4% to 10.75% (7 brackets) | $1,000 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $3,225 | 3.79% | 6.37% | 1.88% | 6.625% |
| New Mexico | 1.7% to 5.9% (5 brackets) | $15,750 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $3,114 | 3.66% | 4.9% | 0.63% | 4.875% (local up to 4.5625% more) |
| New York | 3.9% to 10.9% (9 brackets) | $8,000 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $3,993 | 4.7% | 5.4% | 1.3% | 4% (local up to 4.875% more) |
| North Carolina | Flat 3.99% | $12,750 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $2,883 | 3.39% | 3.99% | 0.66% | 4.75% (local up to 2.75% more) |
| North Dakota | 1.95% to 2.5% (3 brackets) | Starts from federal taxable income | $398 | 0.47% | 1.95% | 0.92% | 5% (local up to 3.75% more) |
| Ohio | 2.75% to 2.75% (2 brackets) | $1,900 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $1,901 | 2.24% | 2.75% | 1.36% | 5.75% (local up to 2.25% more) |
| Oklahoma | 0.25% to 4.5% (3 brackets) | $7,350 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $3,343 | 3.93% | 4.5% | 0.79% | 4.5% (local up to 7% more) |
| Oregon | 4.75% to 9.9% (4 brackets) | $2,835 subtracted, $256 credit (tax year 2025) | $6,623 | 7.79% | 8.75% | 0.81% | 0% |
| Pennsylvania | Flat 3.07% | $0 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $2,610 | 3.07% | 3.07% | 1.26% | 6% (local up to 2% more) |
| Rhode Island | 3.75% to 5.99% (3 brackets) | $16,000 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $2,588 | 3.04% | 3.75% | 1.12% | 7% |
| South Carolina | 1.99% to 5.21% (2 brackets) | $2,730 subtracted (tax year 2026) | $3,320 | 3.91% | 5.21% | 0.49% | 6% (local up to 3% more) |
| South Dakota | No wage income tax | Not applicable | $0 | 0% | 0% | 1% | 4.2% (local up to 2% more) |
| Tennessee | No wage income tax | Not applicable | $0 | 0% | 0% | 0.52% | 7% (local up to 2.75% more) |
| Texas | No wage income tax | Not applicable | $0 | 0% | 0% | 1.4% | 6.25% (local up to 2% more) |
| Utah | Flat 4.45% | $0 subtracted, $77 credit (tax year 2025) | $3,706 | 4.36% | 5.75% | 0.48% | 6.1% (local up to 3.45% more) |
| Vermont | 3.35% to 8.75% (4 brackets) | $12,950 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $3,150 | 3.71% | 6.6% | 1.51% | 6% (local up to 1% more) |
| Virginia | 2% to 5.75% (4 brackets) | $9,680 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $4,073 | 4.79% | 5.75% | 0.78% | 5.3% (local up to 1.7% more) |
| Washington | No wage income tax | Not applicable | $0 | 0% | 0% | 0.75% | 6.5% (local up to 4.2% more) |
| West Virginia | 2.11% to 4.58% (5 brackets) | $2,000 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $3,004 | 3.53% | 4.58% | 0.51% | 6% (local up to 1% more) |
| Wisconsin | 3.5% to 7.65% (4 brackets) | $6,406 subtracted (tax year 2025) | $3,579 | 4.21% | 5.94% | 1.32% | 5% (local up to 2.9% more) |
| Wyoming | No wage income tax | Not applicable | $0 | 0% | 0% | 0.53% | 4% (local up to 3% more) |
Brackets and rates: this site's state tax data (2026). Deductions, exemptions and credits: each state's own revenue department, tax year shown in the row. Property tax: Tax Foundation effective rate on owner-occupied housing (Census ACS). Local income and sales taxes are not included.
- Tax Foundation, state individual income tax rates and brackets
- Alabama: Alabama Department of Revenue — 2025 Form 40/40A booklet (Standard Deduction Chart, personal exemption, Federal Income Tax Deduction Worksheet)
- Arizona: Arizona Department of Revenue — 2025 Form 140 instructions, line 43
- Arkansas: Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration — 2025 AR1000F and AR1000NR instructions, line 27 and personal tax credits
- California: California Franchise Tax Board — 2025 Form 540 Personal Income Tax Booklet, lines 18 and 32
- Colorado: individual income tax instructions (return starts from federal taxable income)
- Connecticut: Connecticut DRS — IP 2026(1), TPG-211 2026 Withholding Calculation Rules, Tables A–E (Code F)
- Delaware: Delaware Division of Revenue — 2025 resident instructions (PIT-RES), lines 20a and 27a
- Georgia: Georgia Department of Revenue — 2025 IT-511 Individual Income Tax Booklet
- Hawaii: Hawaii Department of Taxation — 2025 Form N-11 instructions (Standard Deduction, exemptions)
- Idaho: Idaho State Tax Commission — 2025 Form 40 and instructions, line 16
- Illinois: Illinois Department of Revenue — 2026 Booklet IL-700-T; Publication 120
- Indiana: Indiana Department of Revenue — 2025 Schedule 3 (Form IT-40), line 1
- Iowa: Iowa Department of Revenue — 2025 IA 1040, Step 3 (personal credit) and line 2 (federal taxable income)
- Kansas: Kansas Department of Revenue — 2025 Individual Income Tax booklet (IP25), lines 4 and 5
- Kentucky: Kentucky Department of Revenue — 2025 Form 740 instructions (standard deduction)
- Louisiana: Louisiana Department of Revenue — 2025 IT-540 resident instructions (standard deduction, Act 11 of the 2024 Third Extraordinary Session)
- Maine: Maine Revenue Services — 2025 individual income tax rates, standard deduction and personal exemption; 2025 phase-out worksheets
- Maryland: Comptroller of Maryland — 2025 resident tax booklet (Standard Deduction Method, Exemption Amount Chart 10A)
- Michigan: Michigan Department of Treasury — Tax Year 2025 Guidance
- Minnesota: Minnesota Department of Revenue — 2025 standard deduction amounts; Inflation Adjusted Amounts 2025 (Minn. Stat. 290.0123)
- Mississippi: Mississippi Department of Revenue — Individual income tax: exemptions and deductions
- Missouri: Missouri Department of Revenue — 2025 Form MO-1040 instructions, line 14
- Montana: Montana Department of Revenue — 2025 Form 2 instructions, lines 1 and 2
- Nebraska: Nebraska Department of Revenue — 2025 Form 1040N, lines 6 and 18
- New Jersey: New Jersey Division of Taxation — 2025 NJ-1040 instructions, line 6 (regular exemptions)
- New Mexico: New Mexico Taxation and Revenue Department — 2025 PIT-1 instructions, lines 12 and 14
- New York: New York State Department of Taxation and Finance — Standard deduction
- North Carolina: North Carolina Department of Revenue — NC Standard Deduction or NC Itemized Deductions
- North Dakota: individual income tax instructions (return starts from federal taxable income)
- Ohio: Ohio Department of Taxation — 2025 Ohio IT 1040 instructions, line 4 and the exemption credit
- Oklahoma: Oklahoma Tax Commission — 2025 Form 511 packet (standard deduction, exemptions)
- Oregon: Oregon Department of Revenue — 2025 Form OR-40 instructions (Table 5, exemption credit worksheet)
- Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Department of Revenue — PA Personal Income Tax Guide, Federal Deductions and Exemptions Not Allowed
- Rhode Island: Rhode Island Division of Taxation — 2025 tax rate schedule and worksheets
- South Carolina: South Carolina General Assembly — H. 4216 (ratified 2026-03-25, signed 2026-03-30), S.C. Code 12-6-1140(15)
- Utah: Utah State Tax Commission — 2025 TC-40 instructions, lines 11-20
- Vermont: Vermont Department of Taxes — Filing season update: personal exemption and standard deduction for tax year 2025
- Virginia: Virginia Tax — Deductions; Exemptions
- West Virginia: West Virginia Tax Division — 2025 IT-140 forms and instructions, line 6
- Wisconsin: Wisconsin Department of Revenue — 2025 Form 1 instructions (Standard Deduction Table, line 10 exemptions)
Frequently Asked Questions
Will I pay less tax if I move to another state?
Compare all three: a state without a wage income tax can still charge more property or sales tax. On the defaults above ($85,000 income, a $400,000 home, $30,000 of taxable spending), pick your current state and the one you are weighing to see the yearly difference.
What is the difference between a marginal and an effective tax rate?
Your marginal rate is the rate on your next dollar of income. Your effective rate is the tax you pay divided by your income, which is lower because the first dollars fall in lower brackets or under a deduction.
Why does the table show no estimate for some states?
Their own standard deduction, exemptions or credits are not in this calculator yet, and taxing gross income would overstate them. The marginal vs effective calculator lets you enter the deduction from your own return instead.